Joomla ("Joomla!") è un CMS totalmente Open Source, nato dalla scissione del precedente progetto denominato Mambo e realizzato totalmente in PHP. Mediante l'interazione con un database MySQL il prodotto è in grado di gestire la pubblicazione su web di contenuti di varia natura e di gestirne altresì l'archiviazione e la formattazione mediante l'utilizzo di e fogli di stile CSS, prerogative di gran parte dei CMS. Il sitema si basa su 4 elementi principali che chiameremo estensioni.

Componenti - Moduli - Template - Mambot 

Componenti

I componenti sono elementi aggiuntivi attraverso i quali si possono aggiungere a Joomla! ulteriori funzionalità per rispondere a specifiche esigenze (ad esempio una gallery, un guestbook, funzioni di wiki, newsletter…).

Tutte le funzioni aggiuntive vengono installate mediante una procedura automatica gestibile nella sezione di amministrazione del sito.

I componenti e gli altri plugin sono normalmente distribuiti all'interno di un singolo archivio compresso contenente tutti gli elementi necessari al loro funzionamento e le istruzioni per l'installer di Joomla! necessarie alla loro corretta installazione.

Moduli

I moduli sono usati per mostrare elementi di informazione o funzionalità interattive all'interno di un sito Joomla!. Si possono considerare come finestre attraverso le quali si possono visualizzare alcune informazioni che sono contenute in categorie, sezioni o componenti che si trovano all'interno del sito (ma anche in certi casi all'esterno).

I moduli recuperano le informazioni, o parti di informazioni definite attraverso parametri, e le visualizzano nella zona di loro competenza; ad esempio il modulo "ultime notizie" recupera di default i soli titoli degli articoli per visualizzarli nel sito come lista, dando la possibilità di anticipare al visitatore ciò che si trova all'interno del sito stesso e quali sono le notizie più recenti. All'utente viene data la possibilità di scegliere quali moduli visualizzare e dove collocarli all'interno del layout della pagina, in accordo con un template (vedi sotto).

Agendo direttamente nella sezione Gestione Moduli (Module Manager) possono essere creati semplici moduli in HTML. Nel caso di script più complessi, essi sono in genere preparati per essere installati con le apposite procedure. Esistono moltissimi moduli di grande utilità già programmati e pronti all'uso, messi gratuitamente a disposizione su http://www.joomla.org/.

Fra i moduli standard si possono segnalare il modulo "main menu" (il menu principale), il modulo di "login" (per l'accesso riservato degli utenti), quello per i sondaggi ("poll") e quello per la distribuzione dei feed RSS ("syndicate").

Template

Un template è un documento HTML/CSS che contiene il codice necessario a guidare Joomla! e ad impaginare i contenuti: ad esempio contiene il codice che permette il caricamento dei vari moduli in posizioni predefinite, codice per caricare il cosiddetto mainbody (la zona in cui vengono presentati i contenuti principali generati da Joomla! o dai componenti aggiuntivi) e cosi via. Per ottenere l'aspetto desiderato molti template contengono anche una serie di immagini (per gli sfondi, i bordi eccetera).

Mambot

I mambot sono piccoli pezzi di codice che, quando richiamati, attivano un programma, uno script o eseguono una specifica funzione. Spesso agiscono in background nell'intero sito. Possono essere semplicissimi come la funzione che sostituisce un certo testo digitato con una funzione codificata (ad esempio posizionare una immagine precaricata impaginandola in un testo o spezzare in due pagine il contenuto di un lungo articolo), ma possono anche avere effetti molto più evidenti, come richiamare, all'interno delle finestre dei form per l'inserimento dei contenuti, le funzionalità di sofisticati editor di testo in modalità WYSIWYG elaborati da terze parti. Possono inoltre permettere collegamenti tra diversi componenti; una galleria di immagini, ad esempio, può avere un mambot collegato che renda la descrizione delle immagini disponibile alle funzioni di ricerca sul sito.

Esistono mambot per inserire funzioni Flash, per collegare automaticamente un glossario alle parole contenute nei testi degli articoli, per generare miniature delle immagini inserite nei testi in modo che alla selezione appaia una finestra con l'immagine a maggiore risoluzione, e molti altri.

Testo estratto da wikipedia

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